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''Man with a Pipe'', also referred to as ''Portrait of an American Smoker'', ''Portrait of an American Smoking'' and ''American Smoking'', is a painting by the French Cubist artist Jean Metzinger. The work was reproduced on the cover of catalogue of the ''Exhibition of Cubist and Futurist Pictures'', Boggs & Buhl Department Store, Pittsburgh, forming part of a show in 1913 that traveled to several U.S. cities: Milwaukee, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New York, and Philadelphia. In 1914 a catalogue was printed for the occasion of the Milwaukee leg of the show, 16 April to 12 May, titled ''Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture in "The Modern Spirit"'', hosted by the Milwaukee Art Society. Artists represented included Lucile Swan, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, Manierre Dawson, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Gustave Miklos, Francis Picabia, and Henry Fitch Taylor. Metzinger's painting titled ''Portrait of "American Smoking"'' figured as No. 101 of the catalogue.〔(''The Modern Spirit: Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture, 1914''. Manierre Dawson papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution )〕 And much as the outcry that resulted from the Cubists works at the Armory Show in New York, Chicago and Boston, this traveling exhibition created an uproar in other major U.S. cities. Though he did not exhibit with his Cubist colleagues at the Armory Show in 1913, Metzinger, with this painting and others, contributed in 1913 to the integration of modern art into the United States. ''Man With a Pipe'' was gifted to the Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, by Howard Green.〔(Jean Metzinger, ''Portrait of an American Smoking (Man with a Pipe)'', 1911–12, oil on canvas, 92.7 x 65.4 cm (36.5 x 25.75 in) Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin )〕〔(Jean Metzinger, 1911–12, ''Man with a Pipe (Portrait of an American Smoking), oil on canvas, 92.7 × 65.4 cm (36.5 × 25.75 in), Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin )〕 The painting, shown here in a black and white half-tone photographic reproduction, has been missing since 1998, having disappeared in transit while on loan, between 27 July and 2 August.〔〔IFAR Journal, Volume 2, International Foundation for Art Research, 1998〕 ==Description== ''Man with a Pipe'' is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 93.7 × 65.4 cm (36.5 by 25.75 inches), signed ''JMetzinger'' lower right. The work represents a man sitting at a table upon which is placed a mug of beer. The man, an American according to the title of the work, has his arms crossed and has a pipe in his mouth. He wears a jacket and tie. To the right is a vase with a painting of a sail boat in front of a setting sun above. To the sitters left can be seen half of a portrait in a round frame.〔Joann Moser, 1985, ''Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, Cubist Works, 1910–1921'', The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press. p. 43.〕〔Daniel Robbins, ''Jean Metzinger, At the Center of Cubism'', in ''Jean Metzinger in Retrospect'', 1985, The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press〕 While the ''Man with a Pipe'' is treated in an extreme form of Cubism, the two works hanging on the wall behind the sitter are not Cubist at all, albeit, they are stylized. One represents a boat with a setting or rising sun, the other, a portrait placed in a semi-circle, almost an echo of the ''Man with a Pipe''. Rather than simultaneously superimposing successive images to depict motion, Metzinger represents the subject at rest from multiple angles. The dynamic role is played by the artist rather than the subject. By moving around the subject the artist captures several important features at once; such as the profile and frontal view. And because motion involves time, several intervals or moments are captured simultaneously (a process coined by Metzinger called simultaneity or multiplicity). Moods and expressions within each facet may be different, reflecting change over time. The result, according to Metzinger is a more complete representation of the subject matter (a 'total image') than would otherwise have resulted from one image taken at one instant. Each facet reveals something new and different about the subject. Sutured together, these facets would form a more complete image than an otherwise static representation seen from one point of view; what Metzinger called a "total image".〔〔(Alex Mittelmann, ''State of the Modern Art World, The Essence of Cubism and its Evolution in Time'', 2011 )〕 In addition to the inequality of parts being granted as a prime condition of Metzinger Cubism, there are two methods of regarding the division of the canvas. Both methods, according to Metzinger and Gleizes (1912)〔Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, ''Du "Cubisme"'', published by Eugène Figuière Éditeurs, Paris, 1912, pp. 9-11, 13-14, 17-21, 25-32. In English in Robert L. Herbert, ''Modern Artists on Art'', Englewood Cliffs, 1964, Art Humanities Primary Source Reading 46〕 are based on the relationship between color and form: According to the first, all the parts are connected by a rhythmic convention which is determined by one of them. This—its position on the canvas matters little—gives the painting a centre from which the gradations of colour proceed, or towards which they tend, according as the maximum or minimum of intensity resides there. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Man with a Pipe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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